High-energy bundle stream add material to make a technology lead aircraft structure the design new change

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Titanium alloy compares intensity because of its tall, thermal stability good, corrosion resistance can be exceedingly good wait for a characteristic, it is important to made aerospace field of the structure advocate select material expects [1-2] . Its apply a standard already was to measure an aircraft one of important signs of advanced sex. Like Boeing dosage of alloy of titanium of 787 air bus already exceeded 15% of airframe construction heft, the 4th acting opportunity for combat of American dosage of F-22 titanium alloy is to be as high as 41%[3] more. In recent years, aerospace equipment is paid attention to more pursuit is changed gently character and change reliably, employ integral structural member increasingly. Accordingly, the dimension of single structural member and complexity increase ceaselessly, slashing with each passing day to production requirement of structural member treatment. However, the characteristic of titanium alloy high melting point, tall tenacity, make the production of complex whole structural member and accurate and complex structural member especially difficult. Especially more and more abnormity structures, forging traditionally, cast, solder, machine impose the design requirement that waits for figuration craft to already cannot satisfy structural member. To the design member for, the conditional requirement with traditional overmuch workmanship restricted their design thinking badly also, because a lot of ideal configuration cannot come true and abandon, affected the innovation that aircraft structure designs badly, become the bottleneck that aerospace equipment develops further. Accordingly, research development can solve aerospace whole structural member of complex titanium alloy is machined hard, the production technique approach that cannot machine a problem even, the significant progress way that already made advanced production technology and task of forward position heat [4-5] . High-energy bundle stream add material to make a technology high-energy bundle stream adding material to make a technology is one kind designs three-dimensional substance from three-dimensional digital-to-analogue concept flexible the new and high technology of production unifinication, it adds the figuration mind that material makes to be a foundation with disperse ／ accumulation, use integratedly high-energy a the much discipline across such as bundle of heat source, computer, digital-to-analogue, numerical control, metallurgy and new material is shirt-sleeve new and high advanced production technology. This technology broke through traditional workmanship be out of shape the groovy train of thought of figuration and purify figuration, but direct basis the spare parts is three-dimensional digital-to-analogue, use metallic powder (or filar material) the hypostatic part that acquires aleatoric and complex form directly or the semifinished product that need to have a few treatment only, come true easily " close clean figuration " material machines new concept, special apply to make the part of alloy of difficult treatment titanium that has complex structure; And make a process need not any tool clamping apparatus and mould, have Gao Ling active, high overall material utilization factor, efficient and the advantage such as low cost. What machine as a result of material and cutting is economic, its make cost can reduce 20%~40% , manufacturing cycle also will shorten 80%[6] ; From material function angle, the structural member that this technology makes has each imperceptible, even fast and caky organization, same sex and superior integral performance. Special apply to order of aerospace domain set limit to demand or particularly custom-built the requirement that change. As high-energy bundle shed the application that adds material to make a technology to expand ceaselessly, this technology develops further in different application domain, formed 3 kinds of direct figuration technologies that provide a characteristic each, namely technology of technology of close clean figuration, laser precision figuration, electron beam makes laser quickly technology, if express,1 is shown [7] . Current, 3 kinds of technologies already developed above to produce level directly to metallic prototype, the success application that goes up in titanium alloy material especially will produce very main effect to aviation industry. 1 laser is close laser of clean figuration technology is close clean figuration technology is to be based on fast and archetypal technology and synchronism to send pink laser multilayer the development on base of frit Fu technology rises. This technology basis the spare parts is three-dimensional digital-to-analogue, the metallic powder that uses laser to fuse synchronism furnishs forms frit to coagulate organization, through many layer frit Fu makes three-dimensional and hypostatic part, those who realize spare parts of metal of high-powered difficult treatment is fast, without the mould " close clean figuration " , if pursue,1 is shown. The titanium alloy powder that technology of close clean figuration basically is 90~350 μ M with bead diameter is titanium alloy laser raw material, if pursue,2 are shown. It is in figuration process improve figuration efficiency, achieve older pulverous supply rate, stimulate beam of light to have bigger energy commonly, form deeper bath and thicker deposit layer. Accordingly, this technology has rapidder production rate, but thicker deposit layer also brought about inferior figuration precision and rough surface, because this laser becomes form technology to belong to quickly " close clean figuration " make, the spare parts still needs fair follow-up treatment, but with " forging, plank or great ability + machine add " photograph comparing, reduced machining process greatly, overall material utilization factor from 5% the left and right sides raises 60% above. Additional, this technology does not need to use a pattern, do not accept the restriction of dimension of raw material wollens, suit to make the structural member of integral titanium alloy with older dimension, achieve reduce machinery to connect with welding line, reduce spare parts amount, reduce structural weight, improve the result of structural whole stiffness. Technology of figuration of precision of laser of technology of figuration of 2 laser precision, call electorate laser fused figuration technology again, also be with prototype production technology develops a kind when rise for fundamental advanced high-energy bundle shed production technology. According to the spare parts three-dimensional digital-to-analogue, use high-energy quantity to stimulate beam of light chase a fused metal powder, pave the pink, way that chases a fused and caky accumulation through chasing a layer, make three-dimensional and hypostatic part. What this technology can realize the metallic spare parts with high-powered unusually complex structure is fast, without the mould " clean " figuration [8] , if pursue,3 are shown. Photograph of technology of close clean figuration compares Nextpage and laser, precision of technology of laser precision figuration is taller, exterior quality is more superior, can make terminal part directly, do not need follow-up treatment, belong to " clean " figuration. To titanium alloy, this technology uses bead diameter ＜ normally of 50 μ M exceed fine powder to be raw material, if the graph is shown 4 times, the laser with use very small facula bundle, spread powdery ply ＜ normally 100 μ M (the thinnest ply that spread pink can amount to 20 μ M) , the spare parts of figuration has very tall dimension precision (can amount to 0.

1mm) and superior exterior quality (surface roughness can amount to Ra30~50 μ M) [9-10] , graph 5 fuse for electorate laser appearance of form of surface of alloy of figuration TC4 titanium. This technology suits to make conventional technology especially, if forging, cast, solder wait for conventional technology cannot of figuration, the part that interior has structure of unusually complex abnormity. However, minor feed rate brings about figuration efficiency necessarily inferior, still be extended the restriction of powdery job box additionally, do not suit to make large integral part. Graph the structural member that the 6 interior that make to use this technology contain complex lattice to place core. 3 electron beam make technical electron beam fast production technology develops on base of laser figuration technology and come quickly, regard treatment as heat source with the electron beam of high energy density and high energy utilization rate, when metal of bombard of high speed electron is pulverous, its kinetic energy is changed into heat energy instantly, make material fast melt completely and figuration is three-dimensional and hypostatic spare parts. What differ with laser figuration is electronic quality ambitious at photon, the photograph is older to stimulating kinetic energy of electron beam of beam of light. When metal of bombard of high speed electron beam is pulverous, easy appear the phenomenon that blow pink, namely prefab and inattentive powder is pushed to leave former position below the action of electron beam. The phenomenon that blow pink can bring about powder to be in the deviate before fusing is original the position, affect figuration quality. Silk of electron beam frit makes a technology use filar material to replaced powder to avoid to play powdery problem for raw material quickly. This technology has figuration rate fast, overall material utilization factor is high, change without reflection, energy lead advanced characteristic, figuration environment is vacuum, of the spare parts of tall active metal such as alloy of special interest Yu Dazhong titanium shape make, but this technology precision is poorer, need follow-up surface treatment. The place on put together is narrated, high-energy bundle flow to make a lot of technology have actor drawback each quickly, the key is how to produce its distinct advantage adequately, control its inferior position. What cannot mediate between figuration speed and precision especially is contradictory, to raise precision, the shower nozzle that needs to use thinner statified, smaller diameter, smaller laser facula and electron beam spot; To retaining element, unit dimension appreciably is reduced, can bring about figuration time to grow greatly, efficiency is reduced significantly. The accurate production procedure with tall precision complex, efficiency is inferior, but can make the Bao Bi with complex form hollow abnormity spare parts, come true " clean " figuration; The fast production cost with high efficiency is low, process simple, efficiency is taller, but treatment precision is low, the spare parts achieves use condition to still need further precision work, do not apply to height complex the spare parts that can no more machine. Accordingly, the type that the member that design should be based on titanium alloy component, enlist in army economy of condition, production method but endurance, the choice makes a technology suitably quickly. High-energy bundle stream add material to make a technology develop the current situation at present, the developed country has beautiful, Europe technology of perfect preparation of powdery body raw material, advanced laser (electron beam) technology and figuration equipment, lead position is in in this domain [11] , use this technology at aviation domain above all. American AeroMet company uses laser the double requirement that connect of alloy of Ti6Al4V of two when technology of close clean figuration produces for F-22 fighter plane full measure satisfies fatigue life; The rings of root of manufacturing wing wing that is F/A-18E/F carrier-borne machine satisfies fatigue life 4 times requirement, and use at descendent join lever life to exceed a requirement 30% , satisfy flight experiment requirement. The alloy part that till 2005 this company uses laser figuration to make came true to wait for application of plane jacket machine in F/A-18E/F and F-22. Nextpage is in early 2002, needle of fast to electron beam of aerospace titanium alloy production technology began the research unit such as company of research center of Langley of bureau of American aviation space navigation, Lockheed Martin to work in great quantities, speed of the biggest figuration exceeds 3500cm3/h, become form technology quickly than laser, efficiency increased number decuple [12] . Current, american Xi Yaji company uses what this technology finished pedestal of alloy of titanium of F-22 battleplan AMAD to make, the exhaustion of full a fair amount of confidence of the biggest load that passed two cycle checks, did not discover permanent be out of shape. Our country began titanium alloy from 1998 high-energy bundle shed the research job that adds material to make a technology, in national science foundation, 973, 863 plans, general assembly " 15 " , " 915 " grind beforehand below the support that waits for a project, northwest industry university, Beijing aerospace university, high-energy bundle shed the research organization such as key laboratory of science and technology of processing technique national defence to develop laser in succession laser of fast figuration, electorate fuses accurate figuration and electron beam make the research that waits for a respect quickly, waited for crucial technology respect to obtain striking progress in stability of control of figuration equipment, workmanship, process, craft, realized a variety of titanium alloy material the stereo figuration of complex form spare parts [13-16] . Overall for, home makes a technology no matter be to be in,study a level quickly character of hardware system, craft and figuration mechanical function, already still was achieved on academic level or be close to international advanced level. The high temperature tensile force of the TC4 titanium alloy that group of task of Huang Weidong of northwest industry university employs laser to make technical take shape quickly learns function, rupture the standard that tenacity was worth KIC to obtain forging anneal condition, the function of life of low week exhaustion and anneal condition forging comparatives basically. High-energy bundle shed key laboratory of science and technology of processing technique national defence to develop domestic head station but the special electron beam that the electron beam that figuration dimension is spare parts of 150mm of × of 200mm × 150mm makes equipment and form a complete set quickly is fast figuration is statified processing software, studied the mechanical performance of TC4 alloy, its intensity, plasticity and fatigue function can reach forging level [17-18] . The rehabilitate that our country already used laser figuration technology successfully at plane and component of engine titanium alloy and small size are complex of titanium alloy structural member make. Current, developing the laser take shape of structural member of alloy of large whole titanium energetically. Watch 2 listed our country is high-energy bundle grade performance of the strength that gains material to make alloy of titanium of technical figuration TC4, plasticity, all can reach cast of fusible pattern nicety and forging level. The organization that the graph gets after figuration of laser of classics of alloy of titanium of 7 indication TC4 and electron beam figuration is a typical layer organization. Organize photograph comparing with equiared structure and double condition, piece layer organization is patulous to raising the fracture toughness of material and fatigue crackle resist the loss such as force tolerance performance is good. Development trend and look into at present, a lot of spare partses because form is complex, existing production technology cannot figuration, and must section is made, this brought about spare parts amount to increase in great quantities. At the same time the link between these spare partses, extended production greatly cycle and cause a large number of safe hidden trouble. The place on put together is narrated, high-energy bundle stream add material to make a technology do not accept the restriction such as mould, cutting tool, clamping apparatus, can make structural member of aleatoric and complex form. This technology makes the production problem be readily solved of complex part, widened design thinking greatly, be sure to change aero design and make, lead aircraft structure the design new change. In recent years, high-powered titanium alloy is high-energy bundle stream add material to make a technology striking progress was obtained on research and application, show good development prospect in aerospace domain. Although this technology returns existence metallurgy blemish but check sex and stability can control the problem such as the gender, but as a result of its distinct advantage, can relax the restriction that design of spare parts structure accepts treatment condition, widen design thinking, make have high strength, the structure of in-house lattice cavity of light quality becomes reality, this technology is sure to design the main effect in reaching production generation to aerospace structural member. Additional, our country is high-energy bundle spreading the titanium alloy raw material that adds material to make a technology use is the stuff that fits the tradition such as forge, casting, solder to make a technology mostly, the composition of these titanium alloy does not suit completely to make a technology quickly certainly, because this should strengthen the preparation technology of powder of alloy of raw material titanium to consider, development is applied to make alloyed powder of special and high grade titanium quickly body. CNC Milling